{"id":117844,"date":"2019-07-19T13:23:35","date_gmt":"2019-07-19T11:23:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/inlimine\/the-theatre-of-lampedusa-2\/"},"modified":"2025-02-05T10:57:28","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T09:57:28","slug":"the-theatre-of-lampedusa-2","status":"publish","type":"inlimine","link":"https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/en\/inlimine\/the-theatre-of-lampedusa-2\/","title":{"rendered":"The theatre of Lampedusa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

From the spectacularisation of NGO disembarkations to the silence on the day-to-day management of arrivals by sea<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Last weeks events\nhave brought the island of Lampedusa back into the centre of the media debate\non sea arrivals. The events around the SeaWatch 3, the courageous choice of its\nCaptain and the recent and equally courageous docking of the sailing ship Alex\nby Mediterranea Saving Humans, have been an opportunity to reflect on the use\nof political power by the current government, on the relationship between the\ndifferent sources of law and, above all, on the possibility of opposing and\nresisting political decisions and normative acts perceived as illegitimate and\nseriously unjust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the aftermath of\nthese events, it is necessary to propose some additional elements to the public\ndebate: what happens following the disembarkation of people rescued after these\nevents which are so much under public attention? Are the mediatised\ndisembarkations the only ones that characterise the island at the moment? How\nis the daily flow of migrants managed at this stage? Which kind of\ninstitutional reception is provided to foreign citizens in Lampedusa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To try to answer\nthese questions, ASGI’s project \u201cIn Limine\u201d is observing what happens to people\nwho have arrived in Italy in recent months, providing, if necessary, adequate\naccess to information and legal support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For what concerns\nthe first question, that is, what happens to people who have been rescued\nby  NGO ships under the radar of the\ncurrent Minister of the Interior, there are two possible answers. As it is well\nknown, the blockade of humanitarian ships at sea has, on several occasions,\nbeen instrumentally used in order to negotiate new forms of  migration management with European states. In\nthese cases member states carried on intense diplomatic negotiations concerning\nthe fate of very small numbers of foreign citizens. The question, which may\nseem grotesque, has been resolved, on some occasions, with the “stipulation”\nof informal agreements between European governments for the\n“redistribution” of foreign citizens rescued at sea. In the case of\nthe disembarkation of the SeaWatch 3 on 31 January, the agreement didn’t even\nhave written form[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The achievement\nand implementation of these agreements has been possible thanks to the\ncoordination of the European Commission and with the support of the European\nagency EASO, which has carried out the “matching” between the asylum\nseekers and the Member States willing to accept them[2]<\/a>,\na procedure in which the foreign citizens have no possibility to establish in\nwhich country to be transferred. After the identification procedure and\nformalization of the asylum request, foreign nationals are interviewed by the\ndelegations of Member States. These interviews focus on different subjects:\nfrom cultural and religious choices to the reasons for fleeing their country of\norigin. No trascript of the interviews are released to the interviewed.\nFinally, once they have been ‘chosen’ by the Member States, foreign nationals\nare required to sign an authorisation to transfer to the hosting country on the\nbasis of Article 17 (sovereignty clause) of the Dublin III Regulation[3]<\/a>.\nThis procedure is likely to be applied to persons disembarked from SeaWatch on\n29 June, who are currently in the hotspot centre in Messina, where they were de\nfacto<\/em> detained from 5 to 12 July.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who\ndisembark after a standoff which does not end with a redistribution agreement,\nafter a period of residence in Lampedusa, they are generally transferred to the\nreception centre of Villa Sikania in Siculiana (Agrigento), where they often\nwait several weeks, sometimes even a few months, in extremely degraded material\nconditions, in the absence of any information and without residence documents.\nThe formalization of the asylum request presented in Lampedusa often happens\nwith serious delay with respect to the time limits provided by the law, which\nforesees that asylum requestes have to be formalized within 3 days, extendable\nto 10 in case of exceptional flows, from the time of the manifestation of the\nwillingness to seek asylum. Some of the people who landed on 19 March following\nthe rescue carried out by the ship are Jonio from Mediterranea Saving Humans,\nafter having been detained for 5 days in the hotspot center of Lampedusa – we\nwill see later the illegality of this form of detention – remained at Villa\nSikania for three months, until the end of June, when they were transferred to\nthe CARA of Caltanissetta Pian del Lago. During the first month and a half of\ntheir stay at Villa Sikania they did not have any residence permit and therefore\nno access to rights related to the status of asylum seeker, such as, for\nexample, registration with the national health service, the right to move\naround the territory, the right to social assistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the data show,\ndespite the drastic drop in arrivals recorded in the last two years, since May\nthere has been an increase in disembarkations on the Italian coasts: in the\nfirst four months of the year, according to data from the Ministry of the\nInterior, 746 people arrived in Italy by sea, while in the last two months\n1,932 foreign nationals arrived in Italy by sea, for an amount of 3186 people\nin 2019[4]<\/a>.\nA significant percentage of these arrivals affect the island of Lampedusa and\nthe majority of this group of people are citizens of Tunisian origin (581\npeople out of the total number of arrivals) who reach the island with small\nboats. In addition, a number of people leaving from Libya arrive independently\non the coast of Lampedusa. In this regard, it is important to note that most of\nthe people arrived by sea in Italy on July 8 arrived on the coast\nindependently: there are in fact 587 people landed in Italy as a result of a\nrescue operation (SAR), and 2.486 people arrived directly[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These landings\nare generally not in the media attention, although the organizations active on\nthe island and the mayor of Lampedusa himself give daily news and although they\nconstitute the largest part of the entrances by sea. These people remain in the\nhotspot of Lampedusa for a period of time ranging from about 1 to 10 days and\nduring this time they are subject to the procedures for the identification and\ndetermination of their legal status. People who are able to start the procedure\nfor the recognition of international protection, including families with\nminors, are transferred to Villa Sikania, where they wait in the deplorable\nconditions seen above to be transferred to other centers, while people who do\nnot access the asylum procedure is generally notified with a measure of\n\u201cdeferred\u201d refusal of entry under Article 10, paragraph 2 of the Consolidated\nAct on Immigration and often detained in pre-removal centers on the mainland\n(CPR).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For what concerns\nthe functioning of the hotspot of Lampedusa, it must be noted that this is\ncharacterized by the systematic use of practices that violate the rights of\nforeign citizens under two specific aspects: illegal detention and the informal\nclassification of foreign citizens as asylum seekers and non-asylum seekers. It\nshould be noted that no regulation or law in Italy allows and legitimizes the\ndetention of foreign citizens within the hotspot during the identification\nphase, i.e. before the definition of the legal status of the foreign citizen\n(asylum seeker\/\u201deconomical migrant\u201d), who may or may not express the\nwillingness to seek international protection. According to the controversial\nprovisions of Law 132\/2018, foreign citizens may be held in hotspots only under\na written order released by the competent authority which must be validated by\nthe judicial authority within rigid time limits and only if these foreign\ncitizens are asylum seekers whose identity or nationality must be verified or\ndetermined, or if they are the subject of an expulsion order[6]<\/a>.\nSuch detention, which actually lacks of legal grounds, is carried out in the\nabsence of a written order and validation by the judicial authority, it can\nthus be considered to be performed in violation of the guarantees established\nin Article 13 of the Constitution, concerning deprivation of liberty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In relation to\nillegal detention, it must be made clear that it takes place in an extremely\nambiguous form: the Lampedusa hotspot, unlike all other centres of this kind,\ndoes not have an “internal regulation” in which the rights and duties\nof the persons who remain there are clearly established; at the same time,\nthere is no system of regulation of entry and exit from the structure and, in\nfact, the military who oversee the entry do not allow foreign citizens to leave\nand enter the gate. However, some people in the centre manage to get out\nthrough holes in the fence, which is damaged in several points. This practice\nis known by the authorities who, in most cases, do not sanction such behaviour.\nHowever, in some circumstances, public authorities in the hotspot prevent the\nexit from the centre (see what happened in March 2018:\nhttps:\/\/cild.eu\/blog\/2018\/03\/09\/nellhotspot-di-lampedusa-condizioni-disumane-e-violazioni-dei-diritti-umani\/),\nwhile in some periods most people use this “informal” method of exit,\nin other occasions migrants do not dare to leave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To explain this\nbehavior here’s some testimonies collected on April 9, 2019 at Villa Sikania by\nthe operators of the project \u201cIn Limine\u201d: “I thought it was a closed\ncenter because there were soldiers at the gate and after what I lived in Libya\nI preferred to stand still<\/em>“; “I saw the police and soldiers\nwith weapons, I thought it was more prudent not to go out<\/em>“; “it\nis a police station, we had arrived without documents, we always saw the\npolice, we were afraid to try to go out<\/em>“. It would seem, therefore,\nthat, especially people who come from experiences of arbitrary detention, in\nfront of the  closed and kept under watch\ngate, the impossibility of leave freely and the lack of information, perceive\nthemselves as prisoners and also avoid asking for information. Finally, the\nsame operators of the project In Limine witnessed, on April 13, 2019, the\nattempt of three foreign citizens to leave the main gate, an attempt to which\nthe military responded with a laconic “from here you do not leave<\/em>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, with\nregard to the informal classification of foreign citizens in the hotspot of\nLampedusa, over time it has been possible to observe different practices\nadopted with regard to citizens of certain nationalities – first of all\nTunisians – which in various ways have had the effect of hindering access for\nthese people to the procedures for granting international protection: from\ndifferentiated access to information on the current legislation, to the actual\nrefusal to register applications. On some occasions[7]<\/a>\nforeign nationals who had already expressed their willingness to seek asylum in\nLampedusa were forced to sign declarations in which they stated that they did\nnot wish to seek for protection, following which they were notified of a\n\u201cdiffered\u201d refusal of entry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the above\nreasons, we believe it is fundamental to broaden our view to what happens after\nthe safe port has been reached: the border expansion mechanisms put in place in\nrecent years through political and normative instruments require us to question\nand monitor the practices of exclusion and differential inclusion that are\nplayed out in the increasingly wide border area. How are people selected to\nremain or how are they rejected once they have entered the physical territory\nof the State? How are they allowed to remain and under which conditions? What\nrights do they actually have and when they can actually exercise them? In our opinion,\nthese questions are fundamental to ensure that foreign citizens arriving in\nItaly by sea have access to justice and a dignified life.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reply Ministry of Foreigner Affairs Redistribution<\/a>Scarica<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Reply Ministry of the Interior Transfers Procedures<\/a>Scarica<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a>See\nthe attached reply of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the access to the\ndocuments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a>See\nin this regard the reply of the Ministry of the Interior to the request for\ninformation on the management of the landing of May 9, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a>For\nmore details see:\nhttps:\/\/www.asgi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/resoconto-sintetico-messina.pdf;\nhttps:\/\/inlimine.asgi.it\/cosa-succede-ai-migranti-nellhotspot-di-messina\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a>As\nat 16\/07\/2019. For updated information about the number of arrivals by sea you\ncan consult the data of the Ministry of the Interior at: http:\/\/www.libertaciviliimmigrazione.dlci.interno.gov.it\/it\/documentazione\/statistica\/cruscotto-statistico-giornaliero<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a>   Data from the\nMinistry of the Interior: \nhttp:\/\/www.interno.gov.it\/sites\/default\/files\/allegati\/tabella_riepilogativa_migranti_8lug19.pdf_epilogativa_migranti_8lug19.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a>With\nregard to the aforementioned hypotheses of detention of foreign citizens in\nhotspot centers, articles 6 c. 3bis of Legislative Decree 142\/2015 and art. 13\nc. 5bis of Legislative Decree 286\/1998 are sold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a>See\nreports at the following links:\nhttps:\/\/inlimine.asgi.it\/determinazione-della-condizione-giuridica-in-hotspot\/;\nhttps:\/\/inlimine.asgi.it\/esiti-delle-procedure-attuate-a-lampedusa-per-la-determinazione-della-condizione-giuridica-dei-cittadini-stranieri\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

From the spectacularisation of NGO disembarkations to the silence on the day-to-day management of arrivals by sea Last weeks events have brought the island of Lampedusa back into the centre of the media debate on sea arrivals. The events around the SeaWatch 3, the courageous choice of its Captain and the recent and equally courageous docking of the sailing ship … Leggi tutto<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":112501,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","categories":[],"tags":[],"tipologia":[],"categoria_inlimine":[2502],"sezione2":[2414],"tags_inlimine":[],"class_list":["post-117844","inlimine","type-inlimine","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","categoria_inlimine-news","sezione2-english","infinite-scroll-item","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lampedusa-mare.jpg",1600,1200,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lampedusa-mare-360x270.jpg",360,270,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lampedusa-mare-840x630.jpg",840,630,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lampedusa-mare-768x576.jpg",768,576,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lampedusa-mare-1200x900.jpg",1200,900,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lampedusa-mare-1536x1152.jpg",1536,1152,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lampedusa-mare.jpg",1600,1200,false],"homeimage":["https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lampedusa-mare-400x227.jpg",400,227,true]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"

From the spectacularisation of NGO disembarkations to the silence on the day-to-day management of arrivals by sea Last weeks events have brought the island of Lampedusa back into the centre of the media debate on sea arrivals. The events around the SeaWatch 3, the courageous choice of its Captain and the recent and equally courageous docking of the sailing ship Alex by Mediterranea Saving Humans, have been an opportunity to reflect on the use of political power by the current government, on the relationship between the different sources of law and, above all, on the possibility of opposing and resisting…<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"Uncategorized","author_info_v2":{"name":"asgi","url":"https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/en\/author\/asgi\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","yoast_head":"\nThe theatre of Lampedusa - Asgi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asgi.it\/en\/inlimine\/the-theatre-of-lampedusa-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The theatre of Lampedusa - Asgi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From the spectacularisation of NGO disembarkations to the silence on the day-to-day management of arrivals by sea Last weeks events have brought the island of Lampedusa back into the centre of the media debate on sea arrivals. 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